Most of the replys here don't have many true facts.
BrendonV's first post & thats about it.
Governers are normally used on stationary motors.
They keep the engine going while under differing loads without stalling.
ie, the lawnmower, differing loads.
an example would be if you put a stationary motor on a concrete mixer or a power generator.
The governer is a small spinning thing with a spring & some pivitable arms with weights on them.
Its connected to the carby.
As the loadcomes onto the motor the engine drops in revs.
If there wasn't a governer the engine would stall.
But with a governer the little spinny bit slows down & at the same time the weights don't have the cenrafugal force on them & so they then move inward against the pressure of the spring.
The spring pushes a central rod up thats connected to the carby, the carby then opens & theres more air/fuel & the engine then climbs in revs.
So it don't stall.
On the other hand, the load is taken off the engine.
Normally the engines revs would increase.
But the spinny thing increases in revs & the weights push out, pulling against the spring.
It then closes the carby so it don't get as much air/fuel & the revs drop back down.
On a Gokart?
Well its not needed, depending on the way you connected up your throttle cable it could be bypassing the governer, or the govener has been completly disconnected from the carby & the cable opens the carby now.
Stationary engines, with the stock carby, will not rev so high that they will explode. Governer or no governer..