well i can say a few things, being that i never took classes or got training, but rather bought a simple flux core gasless welder and did a bunch of reading then taught myself.
a. do reading online, search for welding tutorials and safety tips, this will help you pick the welder you want to get
b. go and look for sources of metal [tube], you can go cheap but try to avoid heavy or weak metal, like water and gas pipes (heavy) or conduit which bends so easy. i've occasionally used fence post top bars since they're decently strong and only $10, but real square or round tubing is the more professional and stronger material, which is about $10 to $15 for a 10 foot piece (1" square tubing 16 gauge)
c. look for a welder within your budget. your best bet is a flux welder since you dont need gas and it's the cheapest kind of welder. mine was $80 at harbor freight. the most handy is the wire feed, but the stick welders work fine too. these weld STEEL, NOT ALUMINUM, and iron also doesn't work well nor is it good for vehicles.
alternatively you could get a welding torch but it's way harder to get the hang of and may be way overkill (and $$$) for beginners.
practice on
basic safety things:
- get good gloves
- always wear a mask
- dont breathe the fumes, they can cause cancers
- welding creates strong UV light and flying molten metal so cover up your skin
- be careful what you touch, never be in a situation where you can get zapped
remember that being cheap or lazy can only go so far, you only have 1 set of eyes or hands or whatever other body part. improperly welding can be dangerous, even deadly (30amps @ 115V) and just as important, a crappy design or bad build quality can be really bad in an accident. people die in car crashes at 5mph.
if its a question of spending $50 or $100 more for safety, do it.