By your username, your kart is a Manco Dingo, is that right? Anyway, if you look at a Manco Dingo, the brake setup on a factory OEM Dingo is pretty much perfect and effective. Manco and most go karts that have a mechanical disc brake or mechanical drum brake used a metal rod as the brake actuator and not cable. You also need to activate or pull the brake in a
straight line or as much as possible.
Steel braided cable, at least the diameter you are using, is better suited for hand operated brakes on a mini bike for example because the cable will stretch under extreme foot pressure and/or absolutely *standing on the brake* which people tend to do. Steel rod is much better.
Your engine and brake setup seems very unusual. Most people put the brake and caliper near the wheels, (
direction A or B) but usually at the left rear wheel (
B) so the brake rod can connect with the left (brake) pedal in a straight line shot front to rear.
View attachment 155740
You should put the brake cable (or rod) into the top hole at
C and not the spring. You will have much less brake leverage with the cable or rod mounted in the bottom hole. There is no need for a return spring as the brake pads should be lightly "dragging" on (or in light contact with) the brake disc at all times, just like automobile brakes.
You really need to have the caliper loose mounted so it can "float" on the disc. There is a "C" channel mount for that caliper that welds or bolts to the frame and the caliper fits loosely into it.
Genuine Comet Disc Brake Caliper Mounting Bracket. Fits Caliper Part # 115613, Manco 9597, Comet 218070A, Knott, Thomas, Carlisle and Airheart Calipers. Comet Industries - Made in the USA.
www.gokartsupply.com
D: How is the brake cable connected to the caliper lever? Ideally, the cable should have a solid eyelet molded or cast onto the end so that it can pivot freely. Why is there yellow shrink wrap on this connection, to prevent fraying?
The cable should be pulling brake lever in as straight a line as possible and running it through a tube welded to the frame is not ideal. You have a friction point there that is not good.
Pulling the brake lever (in green) from the bottom of the kart might be better, and I would strongly advise moving the brake to the left side near the left wheel.
View attachment 155741
For the last photo, the brake cable (in Red) is mounted way too high on the pedal and it makes the cable exit the ferrule at an extreme angle. This is not good. Make it as straight a line as possible and if possible, replace the cable with a solid steel rod, 1/4" diameter.
The tab on the brake pedal (orange E) is a pedal stop to prevent it from moving too far back. The tab should be resting on the frame and the brake pedal should pivot on a hole usually drilled through the frame or below it perhaps. That is just the way that pedal is designed.
View attachment 155742
How many axle bearings are there? Two is enough but you may indeed have four. Show us more photos of the kart.
That is some Rube Goldberg engineering... Sorry bro

but it can be fixed with the help of our team of experts.....