neither.. that's the hub!
the hub has a tubesection (the thing you refere to.. with a keyway) and the flange to mout the wheel.
welded.. one piece... the hub
How to remove it...
well penetrating oil and patience...
maybe some heat.. and maybe some force..
force: wedge a piece of wood between the kart frame (bearing retainer and frame tube) and the hub, thread on a nut to the axle (flush with the axle to protect the threads) and hit it with a hammer to drive the axle out of the hub.
But first.. penetrating oil and patience!
'sid