This project has my attention! I can't wait to see the result- it's gonna float, right? You hope?
Anyways, in the interest of science, I ran some numbers. To run that beast up to a theoretical 19 MPH (assuming your engine turns at a stock, governed 3600RPM) you're going to require a compound, overall gear reduction of 20:1. As it is, your theoretical max speed is 77MPH. No wonder your CVT is screaming...
Back on topic. To achieve a 20:1 reduction, you will need another jackshaft, set up as follows.
Your existing 12T CVT output sprocket going to a 40T jackshaft input sprocket. On the other end of that jackshaft will be a 10T sprocket, which gets connected to your existing 60T axle sprocket. This compounds to a total reduction of 20:1.
A few further points- keep in mind that these calculations are theoretical, based on the engine having enough oomph to overcome weight, friction, drag, etc. Actual top speed may be less, but IMO at 20:1, you should have enough power as long as you keep an eye on weight and friction. Keep it as light as you can, and make sure it's rolling on bearings...
Also, some CVT's have the ability for 10% overdrive, there's a fair chance yours does. You could take advantage of that fact and gear down another 10% to get all the available torque you can and still theoretically hit the same launch speed.