Number of cylinders, displacement, HP, etc. isn't all you gotta count. A 3.0 liter V6 Dodge stealth twin turbo RT will out run a 8.0 liter V10 viper. and a 327 SBC will touch 10K all day long without any problems.
True, there are other factors. Front/rear balance, available traction, weight, suspension geometry front and back (something a Viper excels at), weight, aerodynamics, and so on.
A stock SBC will not hum at 10K all day without problems. It will grenade. A well built one for this purpose specifically, absolutely. You can do that with many V8's. An all aluminum Rover 4.0L for example, weighing in at less than 300lbs with all the accessories.
Krunch is right though, we are talking about go-karts and not street machines. While my personal experience is with "big iron" a lot of the theory and math does translate down to kart-sized vehicles and kart-sized engines, which is why I jumped on this thread trying to shed some light about forced induction in general, as well as talking about the importance of getting a seal in whatever device is used in that role.
In my mind, it's mostly (but not entirely) about power to weight ratio - i.e. the concept of a big engine in a tiny thing.
That's why to me, racing karts are a heck of a lot of fun. To make my F350 crewcab fun to drive on the same scale, I'd need about 1000 HP. It's likely to be more expensive to build than a 250 lb go-kart with a 20-ish HP Kohler ;-)