Seriously; heed and obey our South African moderator—he speaks wise words.
All the other suggestions aside, your engine photos confuse me.
I see two cables near the carburetor. One appears properly attached to the governor control arm (which is the true throttle control of a governed engine) but I can’t see where the other cable terminates or what it’s attached to. ???
I think your problem might be that the throttle is always open/slightly open and not closing to idle. Could be binding in the throttle cable, a seized (rusted, corroded) or rough throttle cable or a missing return spring or one that is not strong enough to close the throttle all the way down to idle (when the pedal is released).
You must assure that when the pedal is relaxed, there’s no tension in the cable especially at the governor/throttle end.
*Oil the clutch bushing (like that guy said)! You might just have a roasted clutch that’s basically engaged all the time.
How fast does this kart take off after you start it? Is it going like a bat out of Hades?