shoot... well, it was worth a shot. Any from scratch tips are appreciated. I do have access to a welder I could use.
Keep it flat, square, and plumb. Having a perfectly leveled build surface is pretty crucial when building something from absolutely nothing scratch.
Common live axle width is 36" so keeping the frame close to that (30-34) is better for the axle ends and bearings, but you can taper in or out in the middle/seat area if you want/need.
I do recommend building it as a 2 seater for adult supervision, educational, and just general safety concerns while they learn the ropes... but not something so bulky that it is cumbersome and hard for them to control.
A one wheel peel (open wheel kart) is probably cheaper to build and easier to set up, but personally I find they have too many more limitations than a live axle... which has the primary issue of tearing up a yard/tearing up tires if ridden on pavement but are overall better and more fun IMHO.
Band brakes are better at stopping than they seem, but anything but Flintstones is better than tire scalpers
Building the base platform in square stock is much easier than fussing with trying to miter all the angles on the ends of round stock. Boring holes with a large bit to fit you're round stock bracing into helps quite a lot with rigidity over a just a basic butt weld. The other advantages being the ends dont have to be fussed with and matched as precisely because you can fudge mismatched lengths easier.
Even if you don't do a taper you're going to want something structural for horizontal and latteral bracing to reduce, dynamic flex, twisting, which consequently will control issues and permanent frame damages. Something like a low roll bar hoop and and angled outward side rails from close to the seat.
Pipe Insulation foam works great to pad bars to prevent bashed up elbows, knees and foreheads.
That's about all I've got other than maybe use a universal motor mount plate (49cc/79cc use a different pattern then 196/212, which is different than a Briggs 5hp flathead) So you aren't forced to use a certain size engine with the governor cranked.