Hmmm...
The picture of the chain sizes helped me a lot... so there it is.
The problem with your reverse-jack-shaft idea is that the alternator will only spin when your axle spins... so when you're sitting at idle, or when you're going slow, you're barely spinning that alternator. You need a setup that spins the alternator at the exact speed of the engine, and doesn't stop when you hit the brakes.
I guess, in my opinion, if you are using a Centrifugal Clutch off your engine, and the front face of your engine shaft is still accessible, and has a threaded hole in it... then find a small pulley and "bolt it" right to the front of your engine shaft, without interrupting the sprocket on your centrifugal clutch. (I've never attempted this... it's only a guess.) OR... mount the Centrifugal clutch "backwards" with the sprocket facing the engine, and see if you have extra shaft available the the outboard side of the clutch.
Either way, you want get a pulley mounted to the engine that spins as fast as the engine does at all times.
ALSO: a word of caution, you're going to NEED a voltage regulator with whatever alternator you go with (your idea of a smaller-one out of a smaller car sounds fine... I don't think charging a little battery will rob too much of your 8hp.)
I would research what a voltage regulator is, and how they are to be wired, and try and get the same regulator out of the same car that you take the alternator out of. Junk yards are fun. Good luck!