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http://www.diygokarts.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=78819&stc=1&d=1479215405
This is what I came up with in the mid 1990's, My first prototype was exactly like your first photos, it brought back alot of memories.
With this set-up you can weld it on or drill and bolt it on, I too went through some trial and error.
The reason I made this was because of people coming into my shop with a brand new factory kart and could not keep the chain on it after very little use.
This device also keeps the engine from vibrating backwards and loosening the chain. It also makes tightening the chain a breeze. I have sold alot of these on ebay back in the 1990's. I called it the Snug-A-Bug.
I posted this on here before when someone was asking for help with their chain coming off.
Good Luck with your future inventions.
Engine