Chains are measured by the distance from the center of the pin to the center of the next pin, and go by the 1/8 inch. The first number is this distance (IE, 1/2 inch is four 1/8s aka a 40 series chain) The second number, if a zero, is a single row chain. If a two is a double row chain, three is a triple row, etc. (I have seen and worked with a double row 120 chain, that is much bigger than what is used on motorcycles!) There is more but for what we are doing this is enough info.
BTW, the difference between a 40 and a 41 is the 41 is a lighter duty chain. It is narrower than a 40 chain.