well.. there are generally 3 different types of brakes for minibikes/gokarts
disc brake, drum brake and band brake.
A disc brake:
A disc brake has two brake pads clamping down on a rotor connected to the wheel/axle [on the sites plans, to save time and effort they just used the sprocket as the rotor]
A drum brake:
A drum bake is an internal expanding brake, a hollow drum is conected to the wheel/axle and inside this drum is two semi circle shaped brake pads which expand and push against the drum thus slowing the bike/kart down.
A band brake:
A band brake is just the oppoiste of a drum brake, it is an external brake. a 'band' is looped around a drum. when the brake is applied the band tightenss around the drum and therefore slow the bike/kart down.