Thanks again to Kibble for this very helpful information on modifying a starter motor. I haven't done it yet personally, so if you encounter anything that doesn't make sense, or any more ideas, please post them here and we'll refine this info!
http://www.diygokarts.com/engine/car-starter-motor-conversion.html
http://www.diygokarts.com/engine/car-starter-motor-conversion.html